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Understand how energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and trophic levels. Explore its characteristics, ecological importance, and role in maintaining balance in nature.

Discover how humans interact with the environment—exploring the components, various types of interactions, and the profound impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems.

Explore ecosystems by understanding their components, essential functions, energy flow across trophic levels, and the natural cycles that sustain life on Earth.

Understand the core components of ecosystems, their key functions, and the role of biotic interactions and biogeochemical cycles in maintaining ecological balance.

Explore the major terrestrial ecosystems—forest, grassland, desert, and tundra. Learn their key features, biodiversity, climate adaptations, and ecological significance.